الظواهر النحوية والصرفية في القراءات الشاذة في تفسيرَي الكشاف والبحر المحيط: توجيهها وأثرها في المعنى

Authors

  • Nurul Farihah binti Abu Bakar Sultan Abdul Halim Mu’adzam Shah International Islamic University (UniSHAMS), Malaysia Author
  • Prof. Madya Dr. Abdul Ghani Bin Md Din Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah International Islamic University (UniSHAMS) Author
  • Dr. Ebrahim Mohammed Ahmad Eldesoky Sultan Abdul Halim Mu’adzam Shah International Islamic University (UniSHAMS), Malaysia Author

Keywords:

القراءات الشاذة, توجيه القراءات, التوجيه النحوي, التوجيه الصرفي, كتب التفسير, أثر المعنى, Irregular Qur'anic Readings (Shādh Readings), Justification of Qur'anic Readings, Syntactic Justification, Morphological Justification, Qur'anic Exegesis, Semantic Interpretation, Meaning Construction

Abstract

يتناول هذا البحث دراسة الظواهر النحوية والصرفية في القراءات الشاذة كما عرضتها كتب التفسير، بهدف الكشف عن أبرز هذه الظواهر، وبيان توجيهها النحوي والصرفي، وإبراز أثرها في توجيه المعنى وإثراء الدلالة القرآنية. وانطلق البحث من أهمية القراءات الشاذة بوصفها مصدرًا لغويًا أصيلًا يكشف عن ثراء العربية واتساع أساليبها، مع اتخاذ كتابي الكشاف للزمخشري والبحر المحيط لأبي حيان ميدانًا للدراسة التطبيقية. واعتمد المنهج الوصفي التحليلي القائم على تحليل نماذج من القراءات الشاذة وموازنة أوجه توجيهها النحوية والصرفية للكشف عن أثرها في المعنى التفسيري.

وأظهرت الدراسة أن التوجيه النحوي والصرفي يمثلان أساسًا في تفسير اختلاف القراءات وبيان وجوهها اللغوية، وأن الظواهر النحوية، كالاختلاف في التراكيب والحركات الإعرابية والتقديم والتأخير، لا تغيّر أصل المعنى، وإنما تسهم في توضيحه وتأكيده. كما بينت أن الظواهر الصرفية، مثل الاختلافات الاشتقاقية وتنوع صيغ الكلمات وأبنيتها، تؤدي إلى فروق دلالية دقيقة تثري المعنى القرآني وتبرز مرونة النظام الصرفي في العربية. وخلصت الدراسة إلى أن القراءات الشاذة تمثل رصيدًا علميًا مهمًا في الدراسات النحوية والصرفية والتفسيرية، وتسهم في توسيع آفاق التفسير وإبراز ثراء اللغة العربية، مما يؤكد أهمية العناية بها في الدراسات اللغوية والقرآنية المعاصرة.

 

This study investigates the syntactic and morphological phenomena found in irregular (shādh) Qur'anic readings as presented in Qur'anic exegesis (tafsīr) works. It aims to identify the most prominent of these phenomena, analyze their syntactic and morphological justifications, and examine their impact on guiding meaning and enriching Qur'anic semantics. The study addresses questions concerning the nature of these syntactic and morphological features, the linguistic principles employed by exegetes in explaining them, and their contribution to broadening exegetical interpretation. The research is grounded in the significance of Qur'anic readings as an authentic source of Arabic linguistic evidence and in the scholarly value of irregular readings in revealing the richness and diversity of Arabic linguistic structures. The applied analysis is based on two major exegetical works: Al-Kashshāf by al-Zamakhsharī and Al-Baḥr al-Muḥīṭ by Abū Ḥayyān. The study adopts a descriptive-analytical approach through the examination of selected irregular readings in these two sources, analyzing their syntactic and morphological features and comparing the exegetes' linguistic justifications in order to reveal their influence on the interpretation of Qur'anic meaning.The study explains the concept and categories of the justification (tawjīh) of Qur'anic readings, demonstrating that syntactic and morphological analysis constitutes the principal framework for interpreting the variation among Qur'anic readings and explaining their linguistic foundations. Such analysis clarifies the grammatical functions of sentence structures, the morphological patterns of words, and their derivational origins, thereby accounting for differences and expansions in meaning.In the applied section, the study examined examples of syntactic phenomena represented by variation in structures through omission or addition, differences in grammatical inflections, and fronting and postponement, demonstrating that these variations in some anomalous readings (qirāʾāt shādhdhah) do not alter the fundamental meaning, but rather contribute to clarifying, emphasizing, or highlighting certain interpretive aspects. The study also explored morphological phenomena represented by derivational variations, differences in nouns in terms of singular, dual, plural, masculine, and feminine forms, as well as variations in word structures through omission or addition. It showed that the diversity of morphological forms and patterns leads to subtle semantic distinctions that enrich the Qur’anic meaning and reveal the flexibility of the Arabic morphological system. The study concludes that irregular Qur'anic readings are not merely alternative linguistic transmissions but constitute a valuable scholarly resource for syntactic, morphological, and exegetical studies. They play a significant role in guiding interpretation, demonstrating the richness of the Arabic language, and broadening exegetical perspectives. Accordingly, the study emphasizes the importance of further examining irregular readings in works of Qur'anic exegesis and benefiting from them in contemporary linguistic and Qur'anic studies.

Author Biographies

  • Nurul Farihah binti Abu Bakar, Sultan Abdul Halim Mu’adzam Shah International Islamic University (UniSHAMS), Malaysia

    Kulliyyah of Usuluddin, Quranic Sciences & Arabic Language, Universiti Islam Antarabangsa Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah (UniSHAMS)

  • Prof. Madya Dr. Abdul Ghani Bin Md Din, Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah International Islamic University (UniSHAMS)

    Department of Arabic Language Studies, Faculty of Usuluddin, Sciences of Al-Quran and Arabic Language (KUBRA), Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah International Islamic University (UniSHAMS)

  • Dr. Ebrahim Mohammed Ahmad Eldesoky, Sultan Abdul Halim Mu’adzam Shah International Islamic University (UniSHAMS), Malaysia

    Department of Arabic Language Studies, Faculty of Usuluddin, Sciences of Al-Quran and Arabic Language (KUBRA), Sultan Abdul Halim Mu'adzam Shah International Islamic University (UniSHAMS)

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Published

30-06-2026

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Articles

How to Cite

الظواهر النحوية والصرفية في القراءات الشاذة في تفسيرَي الكشاف والبحر المحيط: توجيهها وأثرها في المعنى. (2026). AL-MAKRIFAH JOURNAL FOR HUMAN SCIENCES AND ISLAMIC KNOWLEDGE, 3(2), 186-207. http://journal.almakrifah.com/index.php/journal/article/view/39

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